content of level
Two: Riba al-Nasi’ah (i.e. increase for a delay)
Riba is a word used to describe adding extra amount upon returning borrowed money or things in order to delay it. It is one of two types according to the method followed but in both cases it is strictly forbidden.
One: Riba al-Fadl (i.e. an increase in quantity)
Riba al Fadl is a term describing the deal exchanging the same type of commodities in different quantities favoring one of the parties and this is strictly forbidden in Islam even if the quality is different.
Usury: definition and ruling
Usury is charging a rate of interest upon lending money. It is forbidden in Islam and it is clearly stated in Quran. Only trade is permissible.
Purchase by installments
Purchasing by installment is paying the value of a purchased item divided on installments paid at specific dates agreed on by both parties. This process is permissible in Islam as long as it fulfills 4 rules.
Conditions: The following conditions must be met for the sale to be valid
There are7 condition that must be took in consideration during selling process; an agreement between 2 sane adults on a known specific lawful object owned by the seller, and the buyer should have access to it.
Commercial Transactions
Commercial transaction is the exchange of property or benefit in the form of trade which is permissible as long as it happens in a certain frame. It’s preferred to have witnesses especially in large deals.
Pledge of security
Pledge of security is terminology to describe the international relations nowadays. Rulings identified before by Muslim scholars needs to be revised according to the current international agreements.
Dhimmah and jizyah
Dhimmah is the money paid by non-believers to the government to benefit from the services and protection offered. Financials should follow Islamic regulations while religious beliefs are theirs to handle.
War gains
War gains are to be divided into 5 shares according to Quran, 1 to the ruler and the other 4 shares among the army adult sane free soldiers according to their roles, scholars rulings need to be revised to be fit nowadays.
Truce agreements
Muslim rulers could make truce agreement with their enemies to cease fighting for specific duration if it is in favor of Muslim community. They also can make peace treaty which must be respected by both parties.
Gains without battle
Muslims can take booties left by enemies who ran away in fear of Muslim army. They are called “Fay”; they could be given to the poor or the ruler decides how they will be used in the best interest of the community.
Captives of war
Muslims must treat soldiers taken as prisoners of war with kindness. After that they may get their freedom, pay ransom or to be exchanged with other prisoners. Those who committed crimes against Islam are killed.
Fighting
Islam permitted war when it is the only way for peace. During the fight only those who are actively fighting are killed and it is forbidden to kill women, children and elderly. Other war rules are discussed below.
Distortion of jihad
The image of Islam and specially the meaning of Jihad have been distorted by two sides. The first is Islam enemies, but the second are the groups of Muslim extremists who give their actions a false Islamic guise.
Jihad
In Islam Jihad is all efforts one exerts in advocacy of Islam and its society. The highest level of Jihad is fighting the enemy but God has only permitted it for three reasons. They also have to observe Islam morals.
The pilgrimage days
Pilgrimage starts by the pilgrim taking a bath, declaring his intention to do pilgrimage, entering in a state of consecration and starting his journey to Mina by midday. This article explains all steps in details.
Zakat al-Fitr
Zakat al- fitr is due after the month of Ramadan is over. Each Muslim must pay it on his behalf and for those whom he is duty bound to support. How it is paid, to whom, the amount and the time are all explained below.
Zakat due on loans
Zakat due on loans differs according to the state of the borrower. If his is not able to pay; then the lender has to pay it just for one year. But in case he can repay it, the lender has to pay zakat for all the period.
Conditions of Zakat
Zakat is due on Muslims only but some conditions are to be applied such as; being free, owning more than person’s need from money food and clothes, and in some cases the turn of a full lunar year on a person’s property.
Compensation
A compensation is due if a person commits an offence during Pilgrimage like cutting hair or wearing tailored clothes. Sexual intercourse before the first release from consecration renders Pilgrimage invalid.