· Islam: The testimony of an unbeliever is unacceptable,· Adulthood and sanity· Speech: The testimony of a dumb person who cannot speak is unacceptable.· Accuracy and good memory,· Probity.· The testimony of a f siq, or transgressor, is unacceptable,
To bear witness that pertains to the rights of human beings is a collective duty. If anyone is needed to bear testimony in order to clarify the rights of the parties in a particular dispute, then it is the duty of that person to give testimony. Allah says: ‘Witnesses must not refuse when they are called in’ (2: 282). To Give testimony is a duty: Allah says: ‘You shall not withhold testimony, for he that withholds testimony is sinful at heart’ (2: 283).
The basis of assessment is the indemnity for killing a free Muslim, which is 100 camels. It is increased in the case of murder and manslaughter by requiring 40 of these camels to be pregnant females.
These include every type of harm that affects a human being but does not lead to death, including wounds and loss of limbs or other organs.In these cases al-Qisaas is enforced. Allah says: ‘A life for a life, an eye for an eye, a nose for a nose, an ear for an ear, a tooth for a tooth, and a similar retribution for wounds’ (5: 43).
The offender has no intention to kill the victim, but his action results in another’s death.Ruling: The ruling relating to the hereafter is that accidental killing does not incur a sin or a punishment, while the ruling relating to this life is that indemnity is payable by the offender and his relatives over a period of three years.
This is the crime of killing. Allah says: ‘Do not take any human being’s life – which Allah has made sacred – except in the course of justice’ (6: 151).