list of articles
Food, Animal Slaughter and Hunting
Islamically, all food is lawful to eat except what God has made forbidden. God forbids only what is of no benefit to man, or what may have a bad effect on man’s health or what is sinful.
Types of ta'zir punishment
Types of ta’zir punishments are varied, they can be physical, financial, combination of both physical and financial, imprisonment and exile or moral punishments such as public rebuke.
Extent of punishment
Ta’zir punishment has no measures, they are left to the judge’s discretion, it can go as high as the capital punishment if it protects the community as in the case of spying crime.
Enforcement
Enforcement of Ta’zir requires two types of actions: To neglect duties when one is able to fulfill them such as repayment of debts or doing what is forbidden such as bribes.
Discretionary punishments
Ta’zir, in the Islamic law, are punishments needed to protect society against chaos and corruption. The enforcement of a ta’zir punishment is subject to the Muslim ruler’s discretion.
Theft
Theft is a cardinal sin, it is an aggression on other people’s rights. The punishment for theft is cutting the hand of the thief, but there are conditions for this to be enforced.
Drinking intoxicants
This article tackles the ruling on drinking intoxicants in Islam, it is unanimously agreed that it is forbidden. The reason, punishment and conditions are discussed in detail.
Punishment for false accusation
The prescribed punishment for false accusation of adultery is severe for reasons such as: protecting society, safeguarding honors and putting an end to evil talk and indecency.
The crime of false accusation of adultery
Accusing an innocent person with adultery or any immoral acts is strictly forbidden by God by clear statements. All Muslim scholars agree that it is a cardinal crime; due to the harm caused to the person and society.
The mandatory punishment for adultery
To enforce the punishment for adultery, it must first be proven to have occurred. The proof required is either four confessions by the doer, or the testimony of four witnesses.
The nature of this sin
Zina is one of the gravest and most wicked sins, it leaves serious effects, causing absence of clarity of lineage. This is why, Islam warns very sternly against all extramarital relations.
Adultery
Zina stands for both fornication and adultery, which are cardinal sins. Islamically, it refers to sexual intercourse between man and woman with no legitimate marital relationship.
Mandatory Punishments (Hudud)
Hudud are punishments for encroaching on the limits set by God, their legitimacy is based on the Quran, Sunnah and unanimity of scholars such as adultery and theft punishments.
Examples of pledges that must not be fulfilled
Any pledge to do something forbidden must not be fulfilled, such as pledging oneself to drink wine, making pledges to dead people or making pledges to glorify a grave or an object.
Pledges
A Nadhr is a pledge to do something for God’s sake, a Muslim is encouraged to do good deeds without making pledges, but if he makes a Nadhr he must fulfil his commitment.
Conditions for atonement
The atonement of an unfulfilled oath is a must if it is a valid one, done deliberately and the swearer did not do what he swore to do, provided that he did not make an exception.
Atonement for oaths
Atonement for oaths can be done by feeding 10 poor people, giving each of the 10 people a garment, or to set a slave free. If not attainable, the swearer should fast for 3 days.
Oaths and Pledges
There are 3 kinds of oaths: Idle oaths which are not accountable, confirmed ones which are accountable, and false oaths which are cardinal sins and cannot be atoned for.
