A brief introduction to the meaning of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), its principles, and The Leading Fiqh Scholars such as Abu Hanifah, Malik, Al-Shafi'i and Ahmad ibn Hanbal. It includes all the practical rules that every Muslim, man or woman, should know, citing their bases in the Qur’an and the Sunnah in an easy and simple way.
Most scholars agree that an illegitimate person cannot be blamed on his parents’ sin. If a man is born outside of wedlock and proposes to a Muslim woman, it is permissible to marry her if he is Muslim with good manners.
God has beautiful names and fine attributes. No one knows Him better than He knows Himself. Therefore, we deny what He has denied of Himself and confirm what He has confirmed in His book and His messenger’s Sunnah.
No one may interpret Islam and how God wants it to be except God Himself, in his book, the Qur’an, and in the Sunnah of the Prophet. No human being has a higher status than God’s Prophet, yet he only delivers what God reveals to him.
Islam has established rulings pertaining to testimony to insure achieving justice and eliminate the possibility of favoritism or oppression. Islam considers perjury as a cardinal sin. The article discusses this in detail.
There are certain conditions required in a witness: Islam, adulthood and sanity, speech, accuracy and good memory, probity. Testimony of people of earlier divine religions is acceptable in certain cases.
Giving testimony pertaining to the rights of human beings is a collective duty, witnesses must not refuse when they are called in. it is an obligation if one is summoned to testify which confirms Islam's protection of rights.
Certain values must be observed by judges. Anything that may blur the judge's fairness should be avoided whether anger, fear, etc. Rulings have to be based on the Quran, and Sunnah, unanimity, Ijtihad, or a fatwa by a qualified Mufti.
Islam stipulates certain conditions in judges to assume their positions such as: Islam, sanity and adulthood, probity, sound constitution, Knowledge of the Quran and Sunnah, and a degree of scholarship to exercise Ijtihad.
The basis of the justice system is the Qura'n, Sunnah and unanimity of scholars. It is important to appoint judges to settle disputes which earn great reward from God because it supports rights and combats corruption.
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