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Hanbli school

Methodology: Texts, The rulings of the Prophet’s Companions, whenever they agreed on a question. When the Prophet’s Companions disagreed, he would choose the view he considered closest to the Qur’an and the Sunnah.

Al-Shafi'i School

Methodology: Qur'an, Sunnah, Unanimity of (all) the Scholars, the statement of any Companion of the Prophet (pbuh), provided there is no disagreement among the Prophet’s Companions on the same matter, Analogy: applying a stated verdict to a question that carries no verdict, provided that the reasoning for this verdict applies equally to both questions.

Works of Maliki School

Sunan’s Al-Mudawwanah, rulings and statements as transmitted by Abd al-Rahmaan ibn al-Qasim; and Mukhta ar Khal l. Al-Dardr’s Al-Shar al-Kabr, with further annotations by Ibn Arafah al-Dusqi; Muhammad Al-Abdari al-Mawwq’s Al-Tj wal-Ikll; and al-ab’s shiyat Mawhib al-Jall fi Shar Mukhtaar Khall.

Works of Hanafi School

Among the best known works that explain the Hanafi school of Fiqh is Ibn Abidin’s Radd al-Muhtar ‘ala al-Durr al-Mukhtar; Mas’ud al-Kasani’s Bada’I’ al-Sana’i fi Tartib al-Shara’i; and Ibn al-Hammam’s Fath al-Qadir.

Islamic Law (Fiqh)

The subject matter of Fiqh is the description of different forms of worship and transactions and their Islamic rulings: obligation, prohibition, recommendation, reprehension and permissibly.

Sources of Islamic legislation

Sources of Islamic legislation 1-Textual sources: - Quran -Sunnah 2- Sources requiring scholarly endeavor (ijtihad). 1-      Unanimity (i.e. Ijma' ). 2-      Analogy (i.e. Qiyas). 3-      Subtle analogy (i.e. Isthsan). 4-      Interests without rulings (i.e. Ma li Mursalah). 5-      Customs of Muslims (i.e. al- 'Urf). 6-      Statements by the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) Companions’. 7-      The laws of earlier divine religions. 8-      Prevention of what leads to the prohibited (i.e. sadd al-dhara’i'). 9-      Al-Istishab.

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