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The Sacrifice and its Rulings
Sacrifice or Hady is slaughtering animals to earn God’s reward as a part of Pilgrimage. There are five types; some are compulsory others are voluntary or recommended. Time and place for sacrifice depend on its type.
Compensations
Compensation is an obligation on pilgrim if he violates any of pilgrimage restrictions. Compensation is due whether the violation was for a valid on invalid reason. It may be a sacrifice, donation or fasting.
The Pilgrimage (i.e. hajj)
Pilgrimage is one of the five pillars upon which the structure of Islam is built on. Its steps are clearly mentioned in Quran and it must fulfill certain rites in particular places and times in order to be complete.
Drinking intoxicants
It tackles the ruling on drinking intoxicants in Islam, it is unanimously agreed that it is forbidden. The reason, punishment and conditions are discussed in detail.
Punishment for false accusation
The prescribed punishment for false accusation of adultery is severe for reasons such as: protecting society, safeguarding honors and putting an end to evil talk and indecency.
The crime of false accusation of adultery
Accusing an innocent person with adultery or any immoral acts is strictly forbidden by God by clear statements. All Muslim scholars agree that it is a cardinal crime; due to the harm caused to the person and society.
The mandatory punishment for adultery
To enforce the punishment for adultery, it must first be proven to have occurred. The proof required is either four confessions by the doer, or the testimony of four witnesses.
Ruling on Adultery
Zina stands for both fornication and adultery, which are cardinal sins. Islamically, it refers to sexual intercourse between man and woman with no legitimate marital relationship.
Mandatory Punishments (Hudud)
Hudud are punishments for encroaching on the limits set by God, their legitimacy is based on the Quran, Sunnah and unanimity of scholars such as adultery and theft punishments.
When the intention should be formed
What is more important than fasting is forming the intention. Muslims are obliged to form the intention and it must be formed before dawn. If the fasting is voluntary it is acceptable to form it during the day.
Confirmation of the start of Ramadan
Ramadan is a lunar month so its start and end are confirmed by the sighting of the new moon. It requires two acceptable Muslims testifying to the fact, but if no one sees it; Muslims must complete the precedent month.
conditions must apply for the duty of fasting to be valid
conditions must apply for the duty of fasting to be valid.
The spiritual concept of fasting
Fasting is a means of expressing one’s gratitude for Allah’s blessings. It stops a person from eating, drinking and sex, which are some of Allah’s great blessings. To refrain from them for a considerable time is to show one’s appreciation of these blessings.
What is specifically forbidden to eat
The basic rule about forbidden food is that whatever is unclean, unwholesome or harmful must not be eaten. All substance and alcohol are also forbidden such as poison and narcotics.
What is stated as permissible to eat
Any food that is clean and harmless is permissible in Islam, whether vegetarian or not. The Quran and the Sunnah states clearly what is forbidden to eat due to being harmful.
Food, Animal Slaughter and Hunting
Islamically, all food is lawful to eat except what God has made forbidden. God forbids only what is of no benefit to man, or what may have a bad effect on man’s health or what is sinful.
Pledges
A Nadhr is a pledge to do something for God’s sake, a Muslim is encouraged to do good deeds without making pledges, but if he makes a Nadhr he must fulfil his commitment.
Oaths and Pledges
There are 3 kinds of oaths: Idle oaths which are not accountable, confirmed ones which are accountable, and false oaths which are cardinal sins and cannot be atoned for.